See silk in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"lang_code": "haw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kilika"
},
{
"lang": "Unami",
"lang_code": "unm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sìlk"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "silk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "silk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "silk"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"seolc",
"seolc#Old_English"
],
[
"*seluk",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/seluk"
],
[
"sēricus",
"sericus#Latin"
],
[
"σηρῐκός",
"σηρικός#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"silki",
"silki#Old_Norse"
],
[
"mylke",
"mylke#Middle_English"
],
[
"wilk",
"wilk#Middle_English"
],
[
"welk",
"welk#Middle_English"
],
[
"silken",
"silken#Middle_English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:seolc",
"4": ":influence<unc>",
"5": "non:silki"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"transliteration\" : \"*sə\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Chinese\", \"term\" : \"絲\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"och\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"σήρ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-κός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐκός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"σηρῐκός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"sēricus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*seluk\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"seolc\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Norse\", \"term\" : \"silki\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"non\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"silk\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"silk\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "seolc",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English seolc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "seolc"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English seolc",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*seluk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *seluk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "sēricus"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin sēricus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grc",
"3": "σηρῐκός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σηρῐκός (sērĭkós)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "silki"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse silki",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:seolc",
"4": ":influence<unc>",
"5": "non:silki"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English seolc, from Proto-West Germanic *seluk, from Late Latin sēricus, from Ancient Greek σηρῐκός (sērĭkós).\nThe predominant forms with /i/ are usually explained as influenced by Old Norse silki, though compare mylke (“milk”) and wilk, variant of welk (“whelk”). The Gersum Project's suggestion that such forms are levelled from the adjective silken is not supported by the pattern of attestation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "silc",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "silke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sylk",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sylke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "syulke",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "seolc",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "solk",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cylke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "selc",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "selk",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "selke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seolk",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schilke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "silk",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "silk (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "silken"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 11 48",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fabrics",
"orig": "enm:Fabrics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 35 31",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fibers",
"orig": "enm:Fibers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"silk (thread made from fibre excreted by the silkworm)"
],
"id": "en-silk-enm-noun-U8G7vH36",
"links": [
[
"silk",
"silk#English"
],
[
"thread",
"thread#English"
],
[
"fibre",
"fibre#English"
],
[
"excrete",
"excrete#English"
],
[
"silkworm",
"silkworm#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 11 48",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fabrics",
"orig": "enm:Fabrics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 35 31",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fibers",
"orig": "enm:Fibers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"silk (cloth woven from such thread)"
],
"id": "en-silk-enm-noun-LV-RmND~",
"links": [
[
"silk",
"silk#English"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth#English"
],
[
"thread",
"thread#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Clothing",
"orig": "enm:Clothing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 11 48",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fabrics",
"orig": "enm:Fabrics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 35 31",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fibers",
"orig": "enm:Fibers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fabric article (usually clothing) made from silk cloth."
],
"id": "en-silk-enm-noun-elGp6xt-",
"links": [
[
"fabric",
"fabric"
],
[
"clothing",
"clothing#English"
],
[
"silk",
"silk#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/silk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɛlk/",
"note": "Kent, Southern, Southeast Midland, West Midland"
},
{
"ipa": "/sœlk/"
}
],
"word": "silk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries referencing missing etymons",
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle English terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Chinese",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English uncountable nouns",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"enm:Clothing",
"enm:Fabrics",
"enm:Fibers"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"lang_code": "haw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kilika"
},
{
"lang": "Unami",
"lang_code": "unm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sìlk"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "silk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "silk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "silk"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"seolc",
"seolc#Old_English"
],
[
"*seluk",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/seluk"
],
[
"sēricus",
"sericus#Latin"
],
[
"σηρῐκός",
"σηρικός#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"silki",
"silki#Old_Norse"
],
[
"mylke",
"mylke#Middle_English"
],
[
"wilk",
"wilk#Middle_English"
],
[
"welk",
"welk#Middle_English"
],
[
"silken",
"silken#Middle_English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:seolc",
"4": ":influence<unc>",
"5": "non:silki"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"transliteration\" : \"*sə\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Chinese\", \"term\" : \"絲\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"och\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"σήρ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-κός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐκός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"σηρῐκός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"sēricus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*seluk\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"seolc\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Norse\", \"term\" : \"silki\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"non\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"silk\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"silk\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "seolc",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English seolc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "seolc"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English seolc",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*seluk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *seluk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "sēricus"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin sēricus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grc",
"3": "σηρῐκός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σηρῐκός (sērĭkós)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "silki"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse silki",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:seolc",
"4": ":influence<unc>",
"5": "non:silki"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English seolc, from Proto-West Germanic *seluk, from Late Latin sēricus, from Ancient Greek σηρῐκός (sērĭkós).\nThe predominant forms with /i/ are usually explained as influenced by Old Norse silki, though compare mylke (“milk”) and wilk, variant of welk (“whelk”). The Gersum Project's suggestion that such forms are levelled from the adjective silken is not supported by the pattern of attestation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "silc",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "silke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sylk",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sylke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "syulke",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "seolc",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "solk",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cylke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "selc",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "selk",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "selke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seolk",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schilke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "silk",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "silk (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "silken"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"silk (thread made from fibre excreted by the silkworm)"
],
"links": [
[
"silk",
"silk#English"
],
[
"thread",
"thread#English"
],
[
"fibre",
"fibre#English"
],
[
"excrete",
"excrete#English"
],
[
"silkworm",
"silkworm#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"silk (cloth woven from such thread)"
],
"links": [
[
"silk",
"silk#English"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth#English"
],
[
"thread",
"thread#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A fabric article (usually clothing) made from silk cloth."
],
"links": [
[
"fabric",
"fabric"
],
[
"clothing",
"clothing#English"
],
[
"silk",
"silk#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/silk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɛlk/",
"note": "Kent, Southern, Southeast Midland, West Midland"
},
{
"ipa": "/sœlk/"
}
],
"word": "silk"
}
Download raw JSONL data for silk meaning in Middle English (7.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.